Transfusion safety in francophone African countries: an analysis of strategies for the medical selection of blood donors

Claude Tayou Tagny · Maxime Diané Kouao · Hamane Touré · Jalel Gargouri · Ahamada Said Fazul · Siaka Ouattara +20 more

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Blood donation and transfusion practices Blood transfusion and management Organ Donation and Transplantation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The goal of selecting a healthy blood donor is to safeguard donors and reduce the risks of infections and immunologic complications for recipients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To evaluate the blood donor selection process, a survey was conducted in 28 blood transfusion centers located in 15 francophone African countries. Data collected included availability of blood products, risk factors for infection identified among blood donor candidates, the processing of the information collected before blood collection, the review process for the medical history of blood donor candidates, and deferral criteria for donor candidates. RESULTS: During the year 2009, participating transfusion centers identified 366,924 blood donor candidates. A mean of 13% (range, 0%-36%) of the donor candidates were excluded based solely on their medical status. The main risk factors for blood-borne infections were having multiple sex partners, sexual intercourse with occasional partners, and religious scarification. Most transfusion centers collected this information verbally instead of having a written questionnaire. The topics least addressed were the possible complications relating to the donation, religious scarifications, and history of sickle cell anemia and hemorrhage. Only three centers recorded the temperature of the blood donors. The deferral criteria least reported were sickle cell anemia, piercing, scarification, and tattoo. CONCLUSIONS: The medical selection process was not performed systemically and thoroughly enough, given the regional epidemiologic risks. It is essential to identify the risk factors specific to francophone African countries and modify the current medical history questionnaires to develop a more effective and relevant selection process.

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References

2009The risk of transfusion‐transmitted infections in sub‐Saharan Africa 2004Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and motivations towards blood donations among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria 2008Blood safety in Sub‐Saharan Africa: a multi‐factorial problem 2005Predonation screening of blood donors with rapid tests: implementation and efficacy of a novel approach to blood safety in resource‐poor settings 2009Characteristics of blood donors and donated blood in sub‐Saharan Francophone Africa 2009Relative safety of first‐time volunteer and replacement donors in West Africa 2007Reducing replacement donors in Sub‐Saharan Africa: challenges and affordability 2007Reducing the risk of transfusion‐transmissible viral infection through blood donor selection: the Australian experience 2000 through 2006

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