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In this paper we examine the contribution that outside-of-school contexts can make to pupils’ learning in science. Our view is that these contexts should be seen as complementary to formal schooling rather than as competition to it. We present a model that encapsulates what goes on in these more informal contexts to help understand the complexities of interactions between learners and with the learning situation. These interactions and the outcomes for learners are illuminated by research we have carried out in museums, hands-on science centres, zoos and field centres. We close with a consideration of the implications for policy makers and for schools.
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