Private tuition in India: trends and issues

Abstract

IntroductionIn India, like most developing countries, there exists a system of “private tuition” parallel to the formal system of education to supplement academic support and to overcome school inadequacies. In recent years private tutoring emerged as major force as a result of both demand and market mechanisms. In fact, in terms of its nature, extent and importance it is comparable to the formal system or, it is like a shadow of the formal system (Bray, 1999). In other words, private tutori...

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