The Three E’s of Private Tuition in India: Expansion, Expenditure, and Effect

Abstract

Private tuition (PT) is a common phenomenon in India. Today, it is a multi-billion U.S. dollar (USD) market and the third major contributor of household expenses in India. However, “the effect of PT on academic achievement of the students” is a subjective statement and is being questioned by its very outcomes. Literature reveals that PT has neither a “positive” nor a “null” effect on an individual’s learning. However, assertively, we can conclude that PT comes with a baggage of “toxic by-products” for mainstream education. It necessitates implementing a regulatory mechanism for PT. Nevertheless, institutions need to extend additional support.

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