The study of linguistic imperialism focuses on how and why certain languages dominate internationally, and attempts to account for such dominance in a theoretically informed way. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)'s Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger divides the total of 2,581 endangered languages into five categories: vulnerable; definitely endangered; severely endangered; critically endangered; extinct. This chapter starts with the current state and future prospects of the world's endangered languages. Linguistic imperialism, past and present, and current neoimperialism are then analyzed, followed by a discussion of the approaches to language dominance and major challenges in research and action in relation to endangered languages. There is an urgent need for more socioculturally and linguistically appropriate language policies. Such policies are intended to promote multilingualism and combat linguistic misuse of languages.
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