Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages

Abstract

Preface List of Abbreviations 1. Church and Society 2. The Divisions of Time I. The Primitive Age, c. 700-c. 1050 II. The Age of Growth, c. 1050-c. 1300 The main development The rise and limits of clerical supremacy The positive achievement III. The Age of Unrest, c. 1300-c. 1550 The changing environment Political change and reaction 3. The Divisions of Christendom I. The Seeds of Disunity Divergent habits Political separation Doctrinal differences II. The Two Churches III. The Search for Reunion The military way The political package deal The way of understanding Regression 4. The Papacy I. The Primitive Age, c. 700-c. 1050 The Vicar of St. Peter The supreme temporal lord II. The Age of Growth, c. 1050-c. 1300 The Vicar of Christ The growth of business The primacy and temporal power The lawyer-popes III. The Inflationary Spiral, c. 1300-c. 1520 Indulgences International politics The struggle for benefices 5. Bishops and Archbishops I. The Carolingian Church Order and Its Break-Up The formation of a bishop The break-up of the Carolingian ideal II. Bishops in the Service of the Pope An archbishop in northern France An archbishop in England A bishop in Germany An episcopal family in northern Italy 6. The Religious Orders I. The Benedictines The Rule The centuries of greatness Change and decay II. The New Orders The Augustinian canons The Cistercians III. The Friars The environment Aims and origins Growth and achievement 7. Fringe Orders and Anti-Orders I. The General Environment The behaviour of crowds The influence of women in religious life II. A Confusion of Tongues The beguines of Cologne The religious brethren of Deventer and its neighbourhood Epilogue List of Popes, 590-153Index

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