Obsidian Sources in the Regions of E rzurum and K ars ( N orth‐ E ast T urkey): New Data

Christine Chataigner · Mehmet Işıklı · Bernard Gratuze · V. Çil

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Mineralogy and Gemology Studies Archaeological and Geological Studies

Abstract

The obsidian sources on the Erzurum–Kars Plateau have not been extensively surveyed, and their geochemical signatures are still poorly understood. Yet a significant number of artefacts from archaeological sites in Georgia and Armenia have produced chemical compositions that are unrelated to any Turkish or Caucasian source analysed so far. Their origins may lie in these poorly known deposits. The objective of the collaborative project undertaken by the University of Erzurum and the French mission ‘Caucasus’ is to study the sources of obsidian in the Erzurum and Kars regions, in order to shed light on the intensity of exploitation of this material, and to highlight the exchange networks that may have existed between north‐eastern Turkey and the southern Caucasus. The analyses that we have carried out on the samples taken during this exploratory survey have enabled a definite extension of the territory of circulation of this obsidian to western Transcaucasia. The lack of knowledge concerning the diffusion of obsidian from the regions of Erzurum and Kars thus appears for the moment mainly related to insufficient geochemical characterization of the sources, confirming the importance of future surveys.

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References

2013New Data on the Exploitation of Obsidian in the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia) and Eastern Turkey, Part 1: Source Characterization 2013New Data on the Exploitation of Obsidian in the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia) and Eastern Turkey, Part 2: Obsidian Procurement from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Late Bronze Age 2012Evaluation of Archaeological Sourcing Techniques: Reconsidering and Re‐Deriving Hughes’ Four‐Fold Assessment Scheme 1997Chemical characterisations of Anatolian obsidians by instrumental and epithermal neutron activation analysis 2007Obsidian as an indicator of inter-regional contacts and exchange: three case-studies from the Halaf period

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