Son Preference in India: Implications for Gender Development

Abstract

Using data from the census of India and the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), this paper analyzes trends in child sex ratios (0-6 years of age) and the increase in son preference in India. Latest census data (2011) show that the child sex ratios (females per 1, 000 males) have decreased compared to data from the last five decades. Increasing son preference and neglect of daughters is occurring in many states in India, despite the advances made in education, literacy, healthcare, and income attainment. A skewed sex ratio and shortage of girls is detrimental to the health and welfare of women, as well as to the human development of India. Policymakers need to formulate appropriate policies, coupled with strict enforcement laws, in order to contain this grave trend in son preference and the infanticide, neglect, and devaluation of women in India.

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