Enhancing Self-Esteem in the Classroom

Abstract

WHAT IS SELF-ESTEEM? Clarifying the Terminology How Self-Esteem Operates The Self-Esteem Hierarchy The Evidence for Self-Esteem Enhancement THE ROLE OF THE SELF-CONCEPT IN SELF-ESTEEM ENHANCEMENT Misapprehension over the Nature of Self-Esteem Can Children Have Too Much Self-Esteem? The Child with the Undeveloped Self-Image The Child with the Weak Ideal Self SELF-ESTEEM AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Origins of Differences Children's Reactions to Differences Physical Differences Specific Learning Difficulties Hearing Difficulties Visual Difficulties General Learning Difficulty Gender Differences Different Ethnic Groups SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCES ON THE SELF-CONCEPT Parental Influences Changes in Family Structure Peer and Sibling Influences Failure Experiences Media Influences Adolescence Cultural Identity Other Crises ASSESSING SELF-ESTEEM Measuring Self-Esteem Behavioural Checklist The Lawrence Self-Esteem Questionnaire (the Lawseq) Other Methods of Assessment ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM WHILST TEACHING Desirable Personal Qualities Teacher Self-Esteem Communication Teacher's Preferred Teaching Style Expectancy Effects Everyday Contacts SMALL GROUP ACTIVITIES TO ENHANCE SELF-ESTEEM Aims and Rationale Introducing the Activities Trust Activities Recognizing and Describing Emotions Expression of Emotions Positive Feedback Taking Risks WHOLE SCHOOL AND WHOLE-CLASS APPROACHES TO ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM Whole School Approaches Curriculum Activities Developing Internal Locus of Control Active Tutorial Work Developing Critical Thinking Skills Developing a Self-Image Respect for Individual Differences Bullying Cooperative Behaviour Assertive Behaviour Conflict Resolution Teaching Relaxation Setting Goals INDIVIDUAL PROGRAMME FOR ENHANCING SELF-ESTEEM Rationale Who Should Conduct the Programme? Using Non-Professionals Selecting the Child Seeking Parental Permission The Status of the Programme Provider and the Setting Introducing the Sessions to the Child Principles of the Programme Terminating the Programme A Ten-Week Programme Peer Support and Befriending Programmes CHALLENGING BEHAVIOUR The Disruptive Child Defence Mechanisms against Low Self-Esteem Seeking the Positive Features in the Child SELF-ESTEEM AND READING DIFFICULTIES Research Findings Selecting Appropriate Treatment for Reading Programmes The Maintenance of Reading Gains in the Long Term The Effects of Therapeutic Intervention on Dyslexic Students THE TEACHER'S SELF-ESTEEM The Hedonistic Philosophy Changing Emotions by Changing Thinking Self-Acceptance Challengin Parents as a Threat to Self-Esteem Have Fun Maintaining Self-Esteem as a Manager Self-Esteem and Teacher Stress

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