Article1993

Comorbidity of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems

Stephanie H. McConaughy · Russell J. Skiba

130 citations0/0 files storedSchool Psychology Review

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Behavioral and Psychological Studies Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Comorbidity refers to the coexistence of two or more distinct disorders or syndromes in the same individual. Research findings are presented showing comorbidity of externalizing (aggression and delinquency), internalizing (anxiety, depression, somatic complaints, and withdrawal), and attention problems. Comorbidity is discussed within the conceptual framework of the categorical classification system of DSM diagnoses and a quantitative taxonomy based on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teacher's Report Form (TRF). High comorbidity rates are reported for DSM diagnoses of conduct disorders with oppositional disorders, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit disorders. High comorbidity also was found for paired combinations of the CBCL and TRF Aggressive Behavior, Delinquent Behavior, Anxious/Depressed, and Attention Problems syndromes. Implications of comorbidity are discussed for determining special education eligibility and designing school-based interventions.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1988Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1991Manual for The Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 Profile 1981Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed 1983Manual for the Child: Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile 1991Manual for the Youth Self-Report and 1991 profile 2014Education and Treatment of Children 2020Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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2005Risk Factors for Community Violence Exposure in Adolescence 2005The Structure and Stability of Externalizing and Internalizing Problem Behavior During Early Adolescence 1999Social and Academic Profiles of Externalizing and Internalizing Groups: Risk Factors for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 1999Syndrome Dimensions of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher Report Form: A Critical Empirical Evaluation 2001Course, Co-Occurrence, and Longitudinal Associations of Emotional Disturbance and Delinquency from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: A Six-Year Three-Wave Study

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