The relationship of perception of organization performance and spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality, and learning organization culture in the Korean context

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of perception of organization performance and spiritual leadership, workplace spirituality, and learning organization culture in the Korean context. This study had three purposes: (a) to validate an original and revised spiritual leadership model in the Korean organizational context; (b) to investigate the relationship between spiritual leadership and learning organization culture, and their effect on organization performance; and (c) to investigate the relationships among inner life, calling/meaning, membership in workplace spirituality efforts, and their effect on organization performance and life satisfaction as well as differences in these relationships according to gender, religion, and age. The data were collected from employees in 18 companies in the fields of motor vehicles, electronics, steel, finance, construction, telecom, IT, pharmaceuticals, and audit & consulting, as well as MBA alumni from the major business school in Korea, who currently were working for private companies. Approximately 1,841 employees were asked to participate in this survey and 556 responded (response rate = 31%). The final analysis involved 514 cases—42 cases were missing. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 19.0, AMOS 18.0, and LISREL 8.80. This study used several different statistical techniques : internal consistency reliability, AVE, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Pearson correlation and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), t-test, ANOVA, and Structural Equation Modeling analysis. Result showed that the original (Fry, 2003, 2005) and revised spiritual leadership model (Fry, 2008, 2010) had validity in the Korean organization context. Furthermore, spiritual leadership positively and significantly influenced the learning organization culture as a model, as hypothesized in research question two. However, interestingly, the relationship calling/meaning of workplace spirituality and learning organization culture had no statistically significant relationship in the hypothesized model in the Korean business context. Lastly, three aspects of workplace spirituality (inner life, calling/meaning, membership) had a positive and statistically significant relationship in the Korean business context. There was no statistical difference for gender or individual religion, based on multi-group analysis. However, those under the age of 39 exerted greater influence on the relationship between membership and organization commitment in the hypothesized model. Furthermore, according to ANOVA analysis, the perception of inner life among three religious groups (Christian, Buddhist, and non-religion group) was significantly higher in Christian group. Also, calling/meaning and organizational commitment in the male group was significantly higher than for the female group. Those over the age of 39 had significantly higher scores for calling/meaning, membership, and organizational commitment than did those under the age of 39. The conclusion contains a summary of this research…

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