Parasites, Paleoclimate, and the Peopling of the Americas

Abstract

Paleoparasitological findings and paleoclimate modelling simulations indicate that early peoples migrating via the Clovis first route across Beringia into North America could not have traversed the required distance in time to provide a reasonable explanation for the presence of the hookworm in the preColumbian Americas. The introduction of the hookworm into the Americas by a land migration at around 13,000 years BP could have happened only under extraordinary circumstances and even then would have required displacement rates that appear to have no parallel in the archaeology of the continent. This implies that while the Clovis people may have been the first migrants to the Americas, they were almost certainly not the only such migrants.

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