Sustainable urban transformation driving forces, indicators and processes

Abstract

Since the mid-1980s, cities around the globe have experienced unprecedented changes in their economy, environment and society due to rapid globalization and urbanization, particularly in the middle and high income countries.These transformations have been challenging to governance in cities of both emerging and industrialized countries in terms of sustainable development of environmental well-being (natural environment and built environment) and human well-being.It is apparent that interpretations of urban sustainability and deficiencies in the approaches of managing the urban transformation towards sustainability, as well as the social-cultural, economic, environmental and institutional transformations now occurring are different among cities as their sizes, structures, and functions differ.However, as most research is focused on the country scale, these global trends of urban transformation accelerating since the mid-1980s on the city scale (where these transformation processes need to be managed in practice) are still poorly understood and seldom seen in a holistic perspective.

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