The Bilingual and Multilingual Community

Abstract

This chapter is concerned primarily with multilingualism as a societal rather than individual phenomenon. The relevance of nation-state with respect to the connection between individual and societal bilingualism is apparent when considering reasons why certain individuals are or become bilingual. The ways in which language resources are organized and allocated in bilingual societies and language communities have implications for a wide range of activities. Many bilingual communities are characterized by diglossia, a term used to refer to a kind of functional specialization between languages so that the language used within the home and in other personal domains of interaction between community members, is different from the one used in higher functions, such as government, media, and education.

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