Mechanisms of Action of Lumbar Supports

Mireille N. M. van Poppel · Michiel P. de Looze · Bart Willem Koes · Tjabe Smid · L.M. Bouter

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Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation Occupational Health and Performance

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the putative mechanisms of action of lumbar supports in lifting activities. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the evidence bearing on the putative mechanisms of action of lumbar supports. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A restriction of trunk motion and a reduction in required back muscle forces in lifting are two proposed mechanisms of action of lumbar supports. Available studies on these putative mechanisms of action of lumbar supports have reported contradictory results. METHODS: A literature search for controlled studies on mechanisms of action of lumbar supports was conducted. The methodologic quality of the studies was assessed. The evidence for the two proposed mechanisms of action of lumbar supports was determined in meta-analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies were selected for the review. There was evidence that lumbar supports reduce trunk motion for flexion-extension and lateral bending, with overall effect sizes of 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-1. 01) and 1.13 (95% CI 0.17-2.08), respectively. The overall effect size for rotation was not statistically significant (0.69; 95% CI -0. 40-4.31). There was no evidence that lumbar supports reduce the electromyogram activity of erector spinae muscles (effect size of 0. 09; 95% CI -0.41-0.59) or increase the intra-abdominal pressure (effect size of 0.26; 95% CI -0.07-0.59). CONCLUSION: There is evidence that lumbar supports reduce trunk motion for flexion-extension and lateral bending. More research is needed on the separate outcome measures for trunk motion before definite conclusions can be drawn about the work conditions in which lumbar supports may be most effective. Studies of trunk motion at the workplace or during specified lifting tasks would be especially useful in this regard.

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1995The Handbook of Research Synthesis.1994Parametric measures of effect size.1990The Existence of Publication Bias and Risk Factors for Its Occurrence 1995Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: An annotated bibliography of scales and checklists 1993The Role of Dynamic Three-Dimensional Trunk Motion in Occupationally-Related Low Back Disorders 1991Back disorders and nonneutral trunk postures of automobile assembly workers.

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