Abstract Relying primarily on data from English, Mandarin Chinese, and modern Greek, this book investigates the intimate relationship that control bears to restructuring and to the meanings of the embedding predicates that participate in these structures. It argues that restructuring is cross-linguistically pervasive and that, in virtue of its co-occurrence with some control predicates but not others, it evidences a basic division within the class of complement control structures, the division being keyed to how the semantics of the control predicate interacts with general principles of clausal architecture and of the syntax–semantics interface. In particular, three central claims are advanced: (1) Exhaustive control predicates instantiate functional heads in the inflectional layer of the clause and thereby give rise to monoclausal raising structures, whereas partial control predicates realize lexical heads and thereby give rise to biclausal PRO-control structures. (2) Exhaustive control predicates gain semantic access to their subject by incorporating a variable that is obligatorily bound by the subject when it raises. (3) A predicate restructures by corresponding semantically to an inflectional-layer functional head and thereby realizing that head. But some predicates systematically fail to restructure because they have meanings that would place them above Tense in the structure of the clause, and given that subjects are interpreted no higher than [Spec,TP], restructuring leads to failed variable binding and hence ungrammaticality.
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