Do Women Want to Break the Glass Ceiling?A Study of their Career Orientations and Gender Identity in The Netherlands

Abstract

Do Women Want to Break the Glass Ceiling? A Study of their Career Orientations and Gender Identity inThe Netherlands ** Career orientations, career success and perceived self-efficacy of women employees in relation to their gender identity were studied.It was hypothesized that gender identity is related to career orientations such that women with a masculine gender identity strive for more upward mobility as compared to women with a feminine gender identity, whereas the latter strive more for balancing work and private life.A masculine gender identity was furthermore predicted to be positively related to career success in terms of income and hierarchical position.Finally it was expected that women with a feminine gender identity, in comparison to those with a masculine gender identity, express a lower self-efficacy with respect to stereotypical male and gender-neutral tasks and equal self-efficacy with respect to stereotypical feminine tasks.To test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was distributed among women working for a large multinational corporation.The results provided support for the first two hypotheses.Mixed support was obtained for the third hypothesis.

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