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This paper focuses on the transport of freight over short to medium distances with an analysis of short sea shipping (SSS). In certain geographical contexts, such as within Europe, it is considered an attractive proposition to utilize a less environmentally damaging mode of transport that is not subjected to the issues of a congested road system. Thus, the promotion of SSS has been a pivotal element of EU transport policy, with the intention of a modal switch of freight, for some time. However, the authors point out that SSS not only represents a competitor for road transport and conventional rail services on specific origin-destination pairs, but a complement to other modes within intermodal movements. This is dependent on its integration within the overall transport system. Taking these factors into account, an analysis is offered of the advantages and disadvantages of SSS when compared with road transport. Based on a review of the existing empirical evidence, a formal approach is outlined which establishes the determinants that explain the intermodal affects of SSS. A theoretical model is then developed as the basis for undertaking an empirical intermodal analysis which accounts for type of mode, as well as type of operator offering the service. The outcomes of the model lead to policy recommendations, which include the need to simultaneously remove barriers to the use of SSS, as well as the need to incentivize modal switching to sea from road.
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