Translation, Adaptation, and Design

Abstract

One of the goals of this chapter is to make clear what may happen in survey translations. Another is to describe current best practice in survey translation in a manner that explains the motivations and strengths of certain strategies against the drawbacks of others. Further goals are to point to areas in which improvements can be made, and where changed tactics and policies are required. The chapter also presents theory-based as well as practical perspectives. The aim of adaptation in survey instruments is to tailor questions better to the needs of a given audience but still retain the stimulus or measurement properties of the source. In both older and recent literature on survey translation, there is some agreement that planning for translation should be part of the study design. Controlled Vocabulary Terms surveys

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