Global Value Chains : Linking Local Producers from Developing Countries to International Markets

Abstract

Global Value Chains Box 2 Value chain research topics and questionsThe scope of the research• What is the scope of our research, i.e. what value chain stages do we include in the study?• What type of parties are part of the value chain; does the research concern a local, regional or international value chain, and are MNCs involved?• Is it a value chain of private or of public parties, or a combination of these? Level of analysis• Do we focus on global value chains and global factors of competitiveness?, or • Are we analyzing the functioning of the value chain on micro (e.g.intercompany relations) or meso (competitiveness between parallel value chains)?• Do we include the local, urban, regional, national social-cultural-economic environment in the analysis? Position of value chain in relation to industry clusters• What are the interfaces between cluster(s) and the value chain?• Do we analyze vertical relationships in a value chain or between clusters?• Clusters include multiple value chains, how do we delineate our research? Standards• Is production according to standards prescribed by MNCs or Western retailers?• How do these standards impact on production and distribution processes?• How do these aff ect the intercompany exchange relationships in the value chain? Value chain governance• How are intercompany relationships in the value chain organized (e.g.contract-based and/or trust-based)?• What is the impact of government or semi-government regulations on the value chain?• Is there a role for NGOs or other public parties to establish cooperation of smallholders or other links in the value chain?• Is the value chain vertically integrated, or cut up in a number of separated segments?The margins: Who gets what?• What is the bargaining position of smallholders and other actors in the value chain?• How can smallholders at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) increase value addition in their production processes?• Does the inclusion of smallholders in national or international value chains bring them prosperity or exploitation?Value chain upgrading and the role of partnerships• What upgrading options are considered: Product, process, marketing, organizational, etc.?• Are we focusing on upgrading partnerships between actors of the value chain?, or • Do we look at multiple public-private partnerships to achieve upgrading?

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