Institutional Profiles and Entrepreneurship Orientation: A Case of Turkish Graduate Students

Abstract

In this study I aimed to describe and explain which factors affect entrepreneurship orientation. I expect\nthat proactivity and entrepreneurial behavior is directly related, and country’s institutional factors play\nvery important role on the entrepreneurship orientation. Therefore, I defined institutional profiles and\nentrepreneurship's characteristics. Institutional profiles are classified into three main dimensions which\nare based on Kostava’s (1997) research; cognitive, regulatory and, normative dimensions. On the other\nhand, following Kostova, I modified questionnaire to adopt Turkish culture and I articulated and\nmeasured these dimensions. To define operationally the perceived institutional profiles for\nentrepreneurship, I generated a large pool of items, as well. The institutional profile dimensions include\nthirty-four items; eleven for regulatory dimension, eight for cognitive dimension and fifteen items for\nnormative dimension. On the other hand, my focus in this study is on the measurement and correlation\nof proactive behavior as a personal disposition relative to the stable behavioral tendency. Proactive\nperson searches for opportunities, takes initiative, acts, but the proactive dimension of behavior is\nessentially rooted in people's needs to manipulate and control the environment. At the same time, the\nprospective entrepreneur's interpretation of the environment is also moderated by his/her beliefs about\nthe environment. From this point of view, I selected my research sample among graduate students who\nare included 170 person, accepting them as potential investors. For the proactive personality\nmeasurement, which includes seventeen items, Bateman and Crant's (1993) questionnaire was used.\nFurthermore, data reliability was tested before the analysis has begun. To conclude, the findings of the\nresearch were discussed.

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