KwaGandaganda: settlement patterns in the Natal Early Iron Age

Gavin Whitelaw

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Archaeology and Rock Art Studies Archaeology and ancient environmental studies Archaeological and Geological Studies

Abstract

KwaGandaganda, an Early Iron Age site in the Mngeni valley near Durban, was excavated as part of a cultural resource management project. Stratigraphic, ceramic and radiocarbon evidence show that it was continuously occupied for a long period between the beginning of the seventh century and the early eleventh century AD. Large-scale conventional and mechanical excavation on KwaGandaganda revealed a range of features. Throughout the period of occupation these were arranged into a residential zone containing the remains of houses. raised granaries and pits, which surrounded a central zone with cattle byres, iron production residues and men's assembly areas. This arrangement, known as the Central Cattle Pattern, is evidence that Early Iron Age society was patrilineal, and one in which men exchanged cattle for wives.

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References

1937Reaction To Conquest: Effects of Contact with Europeans on the Pondo of South Africa 1978Iron Age Communities of the Southern Highveld 1980Ceramics, classification and Iron Age entities

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2001The Central Cattle Pattern and interpreting the past 1994Early Iron Age Metal Working from the Site of Kwagandaganda, Natal, South Africa 1994The Early Iron Age in the extreme south: some patterns and problems 2010Descent of Iron Age Farmers in Southern Africa During the Last 2000 Years 1997Early Mediaeval Iraqi Lustre-Painted and Associated Wares: Typology in a Multidisciplinary Study 1998Presidential Address: The Antiquity of Lobola 2009Unsettled times: shaded polychrome paintings and hunter-gatherer history in the southeastern mountains of southern Africa 1994Towards an Early Iron Age worldview: some ideas from KwaZulu-Natal

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