Optimism and Sport Confidence as Correlates of Slump-Related Coping among Athletes

Bob Grove · N. Paul Heard

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Sport Psychology and Performance Psychological Treatments and Assessments Optimism, Hope, and Well-being

Abstract

Sport performers (N = 213) completed either a questionnaire measure of dispositional optimism or a questionnaire measure of trait sport confidence and then provided information about how they cope with performance slumps. The use of task-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance-oriented coping strategies was assessed with a slump-referenced version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS; Endler & Parker, 1990a). Results indicated that both personality measures were positively related to the use of problem-focused strategies and negatively related to the use of emotion-focused strategies. These findings are discussed in relation to previous research on confidence in sport and a model of sport-related coping proposed by Hardy, Jones, and Gould (1996). Practical implications for the effective management of performance slumps are also addressed.

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References

1989Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.1994Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.1985Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.1980An Analysis of Coping in a Middle-Aged Community Sample 1985If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination.1984Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis.1990Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation.1992Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update

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