Articlebronze2009

Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Spinal Cord Injury: An Examination of Factor Structure as Related to Gender

Claire Z. Kalpakjian · Loren L. Toussaint · Kathie J. Albright · Charles H. Bombardier · James K. Krause · Denise Galuf Tate

62 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Spinal Cord Medicine

No readable copy stored yet — this record is metadata only.

No open-access location is known for this record yet.

Literature note Cite in a project Citation map

Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Spinal Cord Injury Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Despite the attention depression after spinal cord injury (SCI) has received, research and clinical practice have been hampered by inadequate emphasis on reliable and valid measurement. Assessment of symptoms in persons with SCI is challenged by the presence of "trans-diagnostic" symptoms and unexamined effects of gender. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; the 9-item depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire) and determine whether the structure replicates across gender. METHODS: A total of 1,168 women and men were matched on level/completeness of SCI, follow-up year, and age to create 584 pairs. Exploratory factor analysis examined 1- and 2-factor models and congruence in 2 randomly split half samples to establish congruence of the factor solution and replication across gender. RESULTS: The 1- and 2-factor solutions fit the structure of the items accounting for 41% to 51% of original item variance. Congruence between random samples was uniformly high for the 1-factor solution (r = 0.791-0.948) but variable for the 2-factor solution. Although congruence was high for the combined sample and men (r = 0.90-0.97 and 0.71-0.94, respectively), it was variable for women (r = 0.29-0.85). CONCLUSIONS: Although there was support for the 1-factor structure of the PHQ within and between sexes, the low congruence between sexes and within women for the 2-factor structure indicates potentially important differences about how certain symptoms may be experienced or interpreted differently, by men and women with SCI. Future research should focus on where sexes diverge in cognitive, affective, and somatic dimensions of depressive symptoms and whether sex-specific or sex-neutral measures are warranted.

Paper brief

Loading…

Cite this work

Citation unavailable for this work.

BibTeX RIS CSL-JSON

No public copy is stored for this record, so only the metadata is cited.

Citations in this library

Citation map →

Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 62 citations exist upstream.

References

2001The PHQ-9 2022Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1965A Self-Rating Depression Scale 1999Validation and Utility of a Self-report Version of PRIME-MD The PHQ Primary Care Study 2005Validity of the Brief Patient Health Questionnaire Mood Scale (PHQ-9) in the general population 2006Tucker's Congruence Coefficient as a Meaningful Index of Factor Similarity 1951A METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF FACTOR ANALYSIS STUDIES 2005Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung

Cited by

2016Validity and diagnostic accuracy of the Luganda version of the 9-item and 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire for detecting major depressive disorder in rural Uganda 2012Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Assessing Major Depressive Disorder During Inpatient Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 2016A tool for sexual minority mental health research: The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a depressive symptom severity measure for sexual minority women in Viet Nam 2019Depressive symptomatology in adolescents in Ghana: Examination of psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9

Explore the map →

Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.

Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.