Reviewbronze2015

CBT for Adolescents With Anxiety: Mature Yet Still Developing

115 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Psychiatry

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Psychological Treatments and Assessments

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are common in adolescents (ages 12 to 18) and contribute to a range of impairments. There has been speculation that adolescents with anxiety are at risk for being treatment nonresponders. In this review, the authors examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for adolescents with anxiety. Outcomes from mixed child and adolescent samples and from adolescent-only samples indicate that approximately two-thirds of youths respond favorably to CBT. CBT produces moderate to large effects and shows superiority over control/comparison conditions. The literature does not support differential outcomes by age: adolescents do not consistently manifest poorer outcomes relative to children. Although extinction paradigms find prolonged fear extinction in adolescent samples, basic research does not fully align with the processes and goals of real-life exposure. Furthermore, CBT is flexible and allows for tailored application in adolescents, and it may be delivered in alternative formats (i.e., brief, computer/Internet, school-based, and transdiagnostic CBT).

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References

2005Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication 2003Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change 1976ECDEU Assessment Manual 1998The Risk for Early-Adulthood Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents With Anxiety and Depressive Disorders 2008Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Sertraline, or a Combination in Childhood Anxiety 1994Treating anxiety disorders in children: Results of a randomized clinical trial.2008The ABCs of depression: Integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression.2013Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: 20 years after.

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2018Durability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Effects for Youth and Adolescents With Anxiety, Depression, or Traumatic Stress:A Meta-Analysis on Long-Term Follow-Ups 2018Different Types and Acceptability of Psychotherapies for Acute Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2021The Effectiveness of Psychological Therapies for Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis 2017Social anxiety in pre-adolescent children: What do we know about maintenance?

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