School-Based Suicide Prevention Programs: Are They Effective?

James J. Mazza

115 citations0/0 files storedSchool Psychology Review

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Suicide and Self-Harm Studies School Health and Nursing Education Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health

Abstract

The efficacy of adolescent suicide prevention programs in school settings has recently been criticized, especially for students who are at-risk for suicidal behavior. The theoretical orientation, targeted populations, goals, and methods for examining efficacy of school-based programs are reviewed. Results showed that most programs are of short duration, follow a stress-related model, and fail to assess actual suicidal behaviors. The methodology for measuring efficacy for most programs also was flawed, using acquisition, knowledge, or attitude changes as a measure of effectiveness, rather than a reduction in suicidal behavior. Thus, the effectiveness of these school-based prevention programs in reducing actual adolescent suicidal behavior is seriously questioned. The mixed results reported in this review and their implications for school psychologists, mental health professionals, and students are discussed. Suggestions and recommendations are made for current practice and future research.

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References

2006Journal of Clinical Psychology 1988Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide 1993Psychiatric Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide: A Case-Control Study 1988Preventing Teenage Suicide: A Critical Review 1985Psychological autopsy of completed suicide in children and adolescents 1991Mental Disorders in Adolescent Suicide 1995Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide and Suicidal Behavior: Mental and Substance Abuse Disorders, Family Environmental Factors, and Life Stress 1993Aggression, substance use, and suicidal behaviors in high school students.

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