Intercultural contact and the evolution of the Baltic psaltery

Abstract

The kannel's importance as a symbol of Estonian heritage has discouraged exploration of its origin in links with other cultures. The ancient Northern European lyre (especially a Germanic or Slavic type) is a likely source of inspiration for this instrument and nearby peoples' own versions of the Baltic psaltery. Archeological finds, manuscript illustrations, and ethnographic museum specimens from various countries are examined for clues to the probable sequences of changes in instrument design, playing technique, and social functions of performances. The thesis of a widespread, gradual, and interactive process of invention is offered as a way to account for unsolved mysteries and loose ends regarding the Baltic psaltery's origin.

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