Development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory.

James R. Mahalik · Benjamin D. Locke · Larry H. Ludlow · Matthew A. Diemer · Michael A. Gottfried · Gary J. Freitas

1,295 citations0/0 files storedPsychology of Men & Masculinity

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Gender Roles and Identity Studies Gender and Feminist Studies Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Abstract

This article describes the construction of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI), and 5 studies that examined its psychometric properties. Factor analysis indicated 11 distinct factors: Winning, Emotional Control, Risk-Taking, Violence, Dominance, Playboy, Self-Reliance, Primacy of Work, Power Over Women, Disdain for Homosexuals, and Pursuit of Status. Results from Studies 2-5 indicated that the CMNI had strong internal consistency estimates and good differential validity comparing men with women and groups of men on health-related questions; all of the CMNI subscales were significantly and positively related to other masculinity-related measures, with several subscales being related significantly and positively to psychological distress, social dominance, aggression, and the desire to be more muscular, and significantly and negatively to attitudes toward psychological help seeking and social desirability; and CMNI scores had high test-retest estimates for a 2-3 week period.

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References

1974An Index of Factorial Simplicity 1960A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.1974The measurement of psychological androgyny.2013Handbook of Social Psychology 1994Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes.1992The Aggression Questionnaire.1992The Aggression Questionnaire.2000Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men's well-being: a theory of gender and health

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