The Effect of a First Child on Female Labor Supply: Evidence from Women Seeking Fertility Services

Julián Cristia

89 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Human Resources

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Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics Labor market dynamics and wage inequality Work-Family Balance Challenges

Abstract

Estimating the causal effect of a first child on female labor supply is complicated by the endogeneity of fertility. This paper addresses this problem by focusing on a sample of women from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) who sought help to become pregnant. After a certain period, only some of these women gave birth. Results using this strategy show that having a first child younger than one year old reduces female employment by 26 percentage points. These estimates are close to OLS estimates from census data and to those from OLS and fixed-effects models on NSFG data.

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References

2015Integrated Public Use Microdata Series 1996Children and Their Parents' Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size 1991Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women.1993Labor-force participation of married women: a study of labor supply 1992Children and Household Economic Behavior 1994The economic consequences of unwed motherhood: using twin births as a natural experiment.1999Teenage Childbearing and Its Life Cycle Consequences: Exploiting a Natural Experiment 1990Understanding the gender gap

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2017Grandparental availability for child care and maternal labor force participation: pension reform evidence from Italy 2012Can We Still Learn Something From the Relationship Between Fertility and Mother’s Employment? Evidence From Developing Countries n.d.A new approach to the economic theory of fertility behavior 2013The Motherhood Earnings Dip: Evidence from Administrative Records 2013Causal effects on employment after first birth — A dynamic treatment approach

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