Characterisation of inorganic pigments in ancient glass beads by means of Raman microspectroscopy, microprobe analysis and X‐ray diffractometry

Nele Welter · Ulrich Schüssler · W. Kiefer

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Mineralogy and Gemology Studies Glass properties and applications

Abstract

Abstract Ancient coloured glass beads from Sri Lanka and Oman were analysed by Raman microspectroscopy for non‐destructive identification of inorganic pigments in the glass. Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), cassiterite (SnO2), cuprite (Cu2O) and a Pb(Sn,Si)O3‐type lead tin oxide were found to be used as colouring agents. Moreover, a distinction between lead‐based and alkali‐based glass matrices could be made. Electron microprobe analysis and X‐ray diffractometry were performed to show the capability of Raman microspectroscopy in comparison to these methods for answering archaeometric questions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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References

1997Raman spectroscopic library of natural and synthetic pigments (pre- ≈ 1850 AD)2003Catalogue of 45 reference Raman spectra of minerals concerning research in art history or archaeology, especially on corroded metals and coloured glass 1999Chemical Analyses of Early Glasses 2003Polymerization degree and Raman identification of ancient glasses used for jewelry, ceramic enamels and mosaics 1995Synthesis, structural characterisation and Raman spectroscopy of the inorganic pigments lead tin yellow types I and II and lead antimonate yellow: their identification on medieval paintings and manuscripts 2003Raman identification of materials used for jewellery and mosaics in Ifriqiya 2004ColoRaman project: Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy of oil, tempera and fresco paint pigments

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2016Late Roman and Byzantine mosaic opaque “glass-ceramics” tesserae (5th-9th century)2016Glass bead trade in the Early Roman and Mamluk Quseir ports — A view from the Oriental Institute Museum assemblage 2017Micro‐Raman spectroscopy and complementary techniques (hXRF, VP‐SEM‐EDS, μ‐FTIR and Py‐GC/MS) applied to the study of beads from the Kongo Kingdom (Democratic Republic of the Congo)2013Characterization of microcrystals in some ancient glass beads from china by means of confocal Raman microspectroscopy

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