Mineralogical characterization of the blue pigment of Michelangelo's fresco "The Last Judgment"

Paolo Ballirano

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Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis Mineralogy and Gemology Studies Building materials and conservation

Abstract

The blue pigment and the plaster layer of Michelangelo.s fresco .The Last Judgment. have been characterized by means of powder XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy, as well as analytical TEM and SAED. The pigment is composed of a mineralogical assemblage that is consistent with a raw lapis lazuli rock. To try to define the provenance of this pigment, we investigated various lapis lazuli samples from different deposits that are currently considered as possible sources of the material. According to our results, the provenance of the pigment is quite dubious but the Pakistani one seems the most probable.

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1968Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phases of Its Trade

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2009The presence of trapped carbon dioxide in lapis lazuli and its potential use in geo-sourcing natural ultramarine pigment 2014New insights on blue pigments used in 15th century paintings by synchrotron radiation-based micro-FTIR and XRD 2013New markers to identify the provenance of lapis lazuli: trace elements in pyrite by means of micro-PIXE 2016Protocol for lapis lazuli provenance determination: evidence for an Afghan origin of the stones used for ancient carved artefacts kept at the Egyptian Museum of Florence (Italy)2015µ-XRF Analysis of Trace Elements in Lapis Lazuli-Forming Minerals for a Provenance Study 2010Application of photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy in the forensic analysis of artists’ inorganic pigments 2020Natural or synthetic? Simultaneous Raman/luminescence hyperspectral microimaging for the fast distinction of ultramarine pigments 2020Application of statistical analyses for lapis lazuli stone provenance determination by XRL and XRF

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