American female pioneers of industrial and organizational psychology during the early years.

Abstract

American female psychologists who contributed to the development of industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology during the early years are presented. An overview of the education, scholarship, practice, and professional service activities is provided for 4 pioneers (Marion Almira Bills, Elsie Oschrin Bregman, Lillian Moller Gilbreth, and Mary Holmes Stevens Hayes). These early female I/O psychologists blended research, applications of psychology, and service in ways that prefigure current science and practice within the field. Incorporating women into the history of I/O psychology is imperative to the attainment of a more complete understanding of the past and a fuller comprehension of the present. In addition, lessons for current and future I/O psychologists are ascertained from the accomplishments of these pioneers.

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