Article1993

Depressive reactions to failure in a naturalistic setting: A test of the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression.

Gerald I. Metalsky · Thomas E. Joiner · Tammy S. Hardin · Lyn Y. Abramson

363 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Abnormal Psychology

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Student Stress and Coping Optimism, Hope, and Well-being

Abstract

We tested the hopelessness and self-esteem theories of depression and an integration of the two by examining whether a stable, global attributional style (attributional diathesis) and low self-esteem interacted with the outcomes students received on a midterm examination to predict their subsequent depressive reactions over the course of 5 days. Students' immediate depressive reactions (on receipt of grades) were predicted solely by the examination outcome, whereas their enduring depressive reactions during the following 4 days were predicted by the Attributional Diathesis x Low Self-Esteem x Failure interaction. The results also indicated that the three-way interaction predicted enduring depressive reactions through the mediating role of hopelessness.

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References

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2005Four Studies on How Past and Current Suicidality Relate Even When "Everything But the Kitchen Sink" Is Covaried.2014Low and decreasing self-esteem during adolescence predict adult depression two decades later.1999Depressogenic cognitive styles: predictive validity, information processing and personality characteristics, and developmental origins 2009Low self-esteem is a risk factor for depressive symptoms from young adulthood to old age.2011Sleep problems outperform depression and hopelessness as cross-sectional and longitudinal predictors of suicidal ideation and behavior in young adults in the military

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