Children’s Naming and Word-Finding Difficulties: Descriptions and Explanations

David J. Messer · Julie Elizabeth Dockrell

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Language Development and Disorders Reading and Literacy Development Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

Abstract

PURPOSE: There is a substantial minority of children for whom lexical retrieval problems impede the normal pattern of language development and use. These problems include accurately producing the correct word even when the word's meaning is understood. Such problems are often referred to as word-finding difficulties (WFDs). This article examines the nature of naming and lexical retrieval difficulties in these and other groups of children. METHOD: A review of the relevant literature on lexical access difficulties in children with word-finding difficulties was conducted. Studies were examined in the terms of population parameters and comparison groups included in the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Most discussions of the cognitive processes causing lexical retrieval difficulties refer to semantics, phonology, and processing speed. The authors propose that understanding of these topics will be further advanced by the use of appropriate methodology to test developmental models. In this way it will be possible to identify the processes that contribute to successful lexical retrieval and the processes that result in retrieval difficulties.

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2001Boston Naming Test 2014Children with Specific Language Impairment 2004Specific reading disability (dyslexia): what have we learned in the past four decades?1995Phonological recoding and self-teaching: sine qua non of reading acquisition 1998The phonological loop as a language learning device.1999The double-deficit hypothesis for the developmental dyslexias.1997Children with Specific Language Impairment 1976Rapid ‘automatized’ naming (R.A.N.): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities

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