Association of childhood trauma with cognitive function in healthy adults: a pilot study

Matthias Majer · Urs Markus Nater · Jin-Mann Sally Lin · Lucile Capuron · William C. Reeves

281 citations0/0 files storedBMC Neurology

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Child Abuse and Trauma Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Animal and human studies suggest that stress experienced early in life has detrimental consequences on brain development, including brain regions involved in cognitive function. Cognitive changes are cardinal features of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Early-life trauma is a major risk factor for these disorders. Only few studies have measured the long-term consequences of childhood trauma on cognitive function in healthy adults. METHODS: In this pilot study, we investigated the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and cognitive function in 47 healthy adults, who were identified as part of a larger study from the general population in Wichita, KS. We used the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and the Wide-Range-Achievement-Test (WRAT-3) to examine cognitive function and individual achievement. Type and severity of childhood trauma was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression on CANTAB measures with primary predictors (CTQ scales) and potential confounders (age, sex, education, income). RESULTS: Specific CTQ scales were significantly associated with measures of cognitive function. Emotional abuse was associated with impaired spatial working memory performance. Physical neglect correlated with impaired spatial working memory and pattern recognition memory. Sexual abuse and physical neglect were negatively associated with WRAT-3 scores. However, the association did not reach the significance level of p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that physical neglect and emotional abuse might be associated with memory deficits in adulthood, which in turn might pose a risk factor for the development of psychopathology.

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References

1965A Self-Rating Depression Scale 2004Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?2003Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire 2005The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood 2003Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis.2004Validity of adult retrospective reports of adverse childhood experiences: review of the evidence 2001The role of childhood trauma in the neurobiology of mood and anxiety disorders: preclinical and clinical studies 2010State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory

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