The Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS): A Product of Ninety Years of Psychometric Evolution

Abstract

This article describes the historical evolution of the Campbell Interest and Skill Inventory (CISS; Campbell, Hyne, & Nilsen, 1992), beginning with Alfred Binet's work in 1900-1905 in developing standardized methods for psychological assessment. It extends through the CISS's early roots in the publication of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank for Men by Strong in 1927, with Strong's innovative use of the Men-in-General concept to create empirical scales, continuing with Strong's publication of a similar form for women in 1933. It continues further with the addition of the homogeneous Basic Scales in the 1960s and then with the merger of the Men's and Women's form in 1974 in the publication of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory, which also organized the profile into the occupational conceptual theory suggested by Holland, and culminating in the publication of the CISS in 1992, which retained the concept of empirical Occupational Scales and homogeneous Basic Scales, but which also used an improved item format, added items to assess Skills, slightly modified and extended the Holland theoretical structure and used more sophisticated computer graphics to create a user-friendly report form. A brief overview of the characteristics of the CISS is also presented.

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