Negative Practice on Band Instruments: An Exploratory Study

Abstract

The writer conducted an exploratory study designed to compare methods of practice. In this experiment practice, as opposed to positive practice, was tested. Negative practice is defined here as the practice of an incorrect response. In this test negative practice referred to playing rhythms incorrectly or leaving out sharps or flats. Positive practice is defined as the practice of the correct responses. In 1929 Professor Knight Dunlap of Johns Hopkins University discovered that he could correct a typing error that he had made for many years. In typing the word the, he had often misspelled it hte. In order to rid himself of this irritating error, he rehearsed writing hte with the typewriter. Later he discovered that he had rid himself of the habit by practicing it incorrectly. This was a revolutionary discovery, and other persons became interested. Many experimenters continued Dunlap's work. The same year that Dunlap made his discovery, Holsopple and Vanouse (3) conducted an experiment with forty night-school typewriting students. They selected persons from this group who had made constant automatic errors of the hte

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