Changes in Athlete Burnout and Motivation over a 12-Week League Tournament

SCOTT L. CRESSWELL · Robert C. Eklund

158 citations0/0 files storedMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports Sport Psychology and Performance Stress and Burnout Research

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: To date, empirical reports of an association between motivation and athlete burnout have been exclusively based on cross-sectional research. Conclusions regarding the nature of the relationship between motivation and burnout are limited because they do not provide longitudinal information. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between burnout and motivation across a 12-wk league tournament (pretournament, midtournament, and end of tournament). METHOD: Data were collected on using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and Sport Motivation Scale from 102 adult professional male rugby players at three different times during a 12-wk league tournament. RESULTS: Linear mixed modeling was used to explore hypothesized relationships between individual key characteristics of burnout and factors/covariates across time. Within the models, amotivation, the least self-determined type of motivation, had a large positive association with key characteristics of burnout. Self-determined forms of motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation) exhibited significant negative associations with burnout. Extrinsic motivation, proposed to exist between intrinsic and amotivation on the self-determination continuum, was negatively associated with sport devaluation and reduced accomplishment as well as positively associated with physical and emotional exhaustion. Other factors related to burnout within the analysis included time (pretournament, in tournament, and end of tournament), team membership, number of injuries, years of national domestic league experience, and win/loss history. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results reflect the burnout experience may vary over time and support the potential utility of a self-determination theory explanation of burnout.

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References

2000Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions 1995Toward a New Measure of Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation in Sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS)2000The Darker and Brighter Sides of Human Existence: Basic Psychological Needs as a Unifying Concept 2001Development and Preliminary Validation of an Athlete Burnout Measure 2000The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS) across occupational groups and nations 1986Toward a Cognitive-Affective Model of Athletic Burnout 1995Developmental psychopathology, Vol. 1: Theory and methods.1997Is Athlete Burnout More than Just Stress? A Sport Commitment Perspective

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2020Self‐Determination Theory in Sport and Exercise 2016A review of competitive sport motivation research 2017Motivation Measures in Sport: A Critical Review and Bibliometric Analysis 2015Perfectionism and Burnout in Junior Athletes: A Three-Month Longitudinal Study 2010Antecedents of burnout among elite dancers: A longitudinal test of basic needs theory

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