Gender Differences in Adult-Infant Communication in the First Months of Life

Katharine Johnson · Melinda Caskey · Katherine Rand · Richard J. Tucker · Betty R. Vohr

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Language Development and Disorders Infant Development and Preterm Care Infant Health and Development

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the verbal interactions of parents with their infants in the first months of life and to test the hypothesis that reciprocal vocalizations of mother-infant dyads would be more frequent than those of father-infant dyads. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 33 late preterm and term infants. Sixteen-hour language recordings during the birth hospitalization and in the home at 44 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA) and 7 months were analyzed for adult word count, infant vocalizations, and conversational exchanges. RESULTS: Infants were exposed to more female adult speech than male adult speech from birth through 7 months (P < .0001). Compared with male adults, female adults responded more frequently to their infant's vocalizations from birth through 7 months (P < .0001). Infants preferentially responded to female adult speech compared with male adult speech (P = .01 at birth, P < .0001 at 44 weeks PMA and 7 months). Mothers responded preferentially to girls versus boys at birth (P = .04) and 44 weeks PMA (P = .0003) with a trend at 7 months (P = .15), and there were trends for fathers to respond preferentially to boys at 44 weeks PMA (P = .10) and 7 months (P = .15). CONCLUSIONS: Mothers provide the majority of language input and respond more readily to their infant's vocal cues than fathers; infants show a preferential vocal response to their mothers in the first months. Findings also suggest that parents may also respond preferentially to infants based on gender. Informing parents of the power of early talking with their young infants is recommended.

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1998Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children 1996Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children 2013Talking to Children Matters 2009Teaching by Listening: The Importance of Adult-Child Conversations to Language Development 1999Gender differences in emotional expressivity and self-regulation during early infancy.2004Specific and general language performance across early childhood: Stability and gender considerations 2002Linguistic ability and early language exposure 2006Mother and father language input to young children: Contributions to later language development

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2020Synthesizing Views to Understand Sex Differences in Response to Early Life Adversity 2015The impact of book reading in the early years on parent–child language interaction 2017Language ENvironment analysis (LENA) system investigation of day long recordings in children: A literature review 2017A Systematic Review of the Use of LENA Technology 2016Multiple Coordination Patterns in Infant and Adult Vocalizations

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