The contributions of primary and secondary memory to working memory capacity: An individual differences analysis of immediate free recall.

Nash Unsworth A · Gregory J. Spillers · Gene Arnold Brewer

92 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition

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Cognitive Abilities and Testing Memory Processes and Influences Cognitive Functions and Memory

Abstract

The present study tested the dual-component model of working memory capacity (WMC) by examining estimates of primary memory and secondary memory from an immediate free recall task. Participants completed multiple measures of WMC and general intellectual ability as well as multiple trials of an immediate free recall task. It was demonstrated that there are 2 sources of variance (primary memory and secondary memory) in immediate free recall and that, further, these 2 sources of variance accounted for independent variation in WMC. Together, these results are consistent with a dual-component model of WMC reflecting individual differences in maintenance in primary memory and in retrieval from secondary memory. Theoretical implications for working memory and dual-component models of free recall are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

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References

2001The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity 1980Individual differences in working memory and reading 1999Working memory, short-term memory, and general fluid intelligence: A latent-variable approach.2005Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide 2007Working Memory, Thought, and Action 2007The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory.2003Executive Attention, Working Memory Capacity, and a Two-Factor Theory of Cognitive Control 2007Time and cognitive load in working memory.

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