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An experiment was carried out to examine age differences in children's understanding of epistemic authority and its role in conversation. Two hundred and forty-six children from two age groups (6–7 and 11–12 years) were asked to make an independent judgement as to the equality or inequality of two lines in an optical illusion. Experimental conditions varied; ‘expertise’ in the task was given by training in a measurement algorithm and ‘familiarity with related stimuli’ by being shown illusions other than the test stimulus in training. Subjects who had answered independently that the lines were equal in length were paired with a same-age subject who had responded that they were unequal, and the two were then asked to arrive at agreement. Results showed that younger children rely on external features of a situation in justifying their beliefs. Gender differences in conversations suggest younger children have difficulty differentiating status and knowledge attributes of authority. Older children displayed an awareness of self as a necessarily autonomous element in the process of knowledge acquisition. Unexpected gender effects of stimulus familiarity in the process of persuasion are probably due to differences in subjects' behavioural styles.
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