Article1985

Conceptualizing and Measuring Organizational and Psychological Climate: Pitfalls in Multilevel Research

1,284 citations0/0 files storedAcademy of Management Review

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Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior Organizational Management and Innovation Global and Cross-Cultural Management

Abstract

Organizational and psychological climate research has been plagued by cross-level inference problems. This paper advocates treating the organization as the unit of theory for organizational climate while preserving the individual as the unit of theory for psychological climate. It examines multilevel conceptual problems in climate research and discusses strategies/or improving the validity and assessing the reliability of measurement. Additional multilevel research on climate and other areas of organizational science, particularly organizational culture, is encouraged.

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References

1951Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests 1962Statistical principles in experimental design.1979Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.1974The Interpretation of Cultures 1967The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge.2017The Interpretation of Cultures 1979The Social Psychology of Organizations.1977Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

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2004THE ANTECEDENTS, CONSEQUENCES, AND MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY.1998Functional relations among constructs in the same content domain at different levels of analysis: A typology of composition models.1998Measuring climate for work group innovation: development and validation of the team climate inventory 1994Levels Issues in Theory Development, Data Collection, and Analysis 2002Innovation is not enough: climates for initiative and psychological safety, process innovations, and firm performance

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