Effects of Single Versus Multiple Warnings on Driver Performance

Mary L. Cummings · Ryan M. Kilgore · Enlie Wang · Louis Tijerina · Dev S. Kochhar

62 citations0/0 files storedHuman Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

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Human-Automation Interaction and Safety Traffic and Road Safety Safety Warnings and Signage

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To explore how a single master alarm system affects drivers' responses when compared with multiple, distinct warnings. BACKGROUND: Advanced driver warning systems are intended to improve safety, yet inappropriate integration may increase the complexity of driving, especially in high workload situations. This study investigated the effects of auditory alarm scheme, reliability, and collision event type on driver performance. METHOD: Using a 2 x 2 x 4 mixed factorial design, we investigated the impact of two alarm schemes (master vs. individual) and two levels of alarm reliability (high and low) on distracted drivers' performance across four collision event types (frontal collision warnings, left and right lane departure warnings, and warnings for a fast-approaching following vehicle). RESULTS: Participants' reaction times and accuracy rates were significantly affected by the type of collision event and alarm reliability. The use of individual alarms, rather than a single master alarm, did not significantly affect driving performance in terms of reaction time or response accuracy. CONCLUSION: Even though a master alarm is a relatively uninformative warning, it produced statistically no different reaction times or accuracy results when compared with information-rich auditory icons, some of which were spatially located. In addition, unreliable alarms negatively impacted driver performance, regardless of event type or alarm scheme. APPLICATION: These results have important implications for the development and implementation of multiple driver warning systems.

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References

2004Trust in Automation: Designing for Appropriate Reliance 2002Collision Warning Timing, Driver Distraction, and Driver Response to Imminent Rear-End Collisions in a High-Fidelity Driving Simulator 1999Good Vibrations: Tactile Feedback in Support of Attention Allocation and Human-Automation Coordination in Event-Driven Domains 1999Use of auditory icons as emergency warnings: evaluation within a vehicle collision avoidance application 2004Collision warning design to mitigate driver distraction 1997Alarm effectiveness in driver-centred collision-warning systems 2003Alarm mistrust in automobiles: how collision alarm reliability affects driving 2002Effects of an In-Vehicle Collision Avoidance Warning System on Short- and Long-Term Driving Performance

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2018How to warn drivers in various safety-critical situations – Different strategies, different reactions 2023Effects of collision warning characteristics on driving behaviors and safety in connected vehicle environments

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