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One common feature in research addressing the prevalence of dyslexic problems among prison inmates has been to ignore the impact of sociocultural and educational factors that might influence reading and writing skills among adults. As a consequence, prison inmates or juvenile delinquents have been consistently compared with norms obtained for either an adult population or same-age comparison groups with more favorable opportunities to develop reading and writing skills. This study was primarily designed to minimize these shortcomings. Data from a sample of 82 prison inmates derived from three different prisons were collected. They were compared to a group of adults equated on educational level, reading habits, and socioeconomic status. A reading-level matched group of students between the ages of 13 and 15 years was also included for comparisons. The results showed that prison inmates and adult controls performed almost identically on all tests used to measure reading and writing skills and that the prevalence of dyslexic problems among the inmates varied between 6.1% and 14.6%, depending on the definition employed. It was also observed that prison inmates performed better than or at the same level as the reading-level matched group on the same measures, including phonological-processing tasks. Less than 10% of the inmates exhibited phonological deficits assumed to be the core deficits in dyslexia. Our conclusion was that prison inmates in Sweden possess reading and writing skills that are comparable to those found in an adult population and that the occurrence of dyslexic problems is very close to population incidences.
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