Epidemiological investigation of expressive language delay at age two

Leslie A. Rescorla · Mary Hadicke-Wiley · Eileen Escarce

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Language Development and Disorders Child and Animal Learning Development Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Abstract

Two studies are presented investigating the feasibility of using the Language Development Survey (LDS), a vocabulary checklist completed by parents, for the epidemiological investigation of the prevalence of expressive language delay in 2-year-olds. Two samples of upper-middle class toddlers were studied (Study 1: N = 108; Study 2: N = 92). Mean vocabulary reported was 195 words in Study 1 and 184 words in Study 2, with 13% and 15% of the respective samples reported to have fewer than 50 words of vocabulary. The correlation between reported LDS vocabulary and total number of Bayley objects and Stanford-Binet pictures named by the child was 0.78 in Study 1 and 0.82 in Study 2. In both studies, the LDS exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity for the identification of language delay at 2 years old. Results of the two studies suggest that the LDS can be a useful and practical tool for the epidemiological identification of expressive language delay in 2-year-olds in the general population.

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References

1989The Language Development Survey 1987A Longitudinal Study Of Children With Developmental Language Delay At Age Three: Later Intelligence, Reading And Behaviour Problems 1986Prevalence of Speech and Language Disorders in 5-Year-Old Kindergarten Children in the Ottawa-Carleton Region 1980Overextension in early language development 1990Outcome of toddlers with specific expressive language delay 1988Language and Gesture in Late Talkers 2012Developmental Language Disorders 1990Language Growth in Children With Expressive Language Delay

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2006Prosodic and lexical aspects of maternal linguistic input to late‐talking toddlers 2005Concurrent Validity of the Language Development Survey: Associations With the MacArthur—Bates Communicative Development Inventories 2001Word Frequencies in Toddlers’ Lexicons 1998Phonetic skills and vocabulary size in late talkers: Concurrent and predictive relationships 1996Why do infants begin to talk? Language as an unintended consequence

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