Gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry of works of art: characterization of binding media in post-Byzantine icons

Abstract

The painting techniques used in four post-Byzantine icons (dated between 1600 and 1700) have been studied. A gas-chromatographic/mass-spectrometric method was applied to characterize the binding media of the different layers of the polychromy. Samples taken from the different paint layers were analysed after hydrolysis and derivatization. The data indicate that the binding medium used for the paint layer may be an emulsion of egg and walnut oil, while egg can be regarded as the binding medium used primarily for the bole. Animal glue is very likely the binder used for the ground.

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