Identity, Belonging, and Achievement

Geoffrey L. Cohen · Julio Garcia

324 citations0/0 files storedCurrent Directions in Psychological Science

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Education, Achievement, and Giftedness Career Development and Diversity Social and Intergroup Psychology

Abstract

In this article we discuss how social or group identities affect achievement. We also present a model of identity engagement that describes how a salient social identity can trigger psychological threat and belonging concerns and how these can produce persistent performance decrements, which through feedback loops can increase over time. The character of such processes may be revealed only over time because they are recursive in nature and interact with other factors in chronically evaluative social environments. Finally, we address how this model helped in the development of successful interventions.

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References

1969The Handbook of Social Psychology 2013Handbook of Social Psychology 2007Implicit Theories of Intelligence Predict Achievement Across an Adolescent Transition: A Longitudinal Study and an Intervention 1988The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self 2002Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat 2007A question of belonging: Race, social fit, and achievement.2002Reducing the Effects of Stereotype Threat on African American College Students by Shaping Theories of Intelligence 2006The Psychology of Self‐defense: Self‐Affirmation Theory

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2018Black and Belonging at School: A Case for Interpersonal, Instructional, and Institutional Opportunity Structures 2013Deflecting the trajectory and changing the narrative: How self-affirmation affects academic performance and motivation under identity threat.2011Middle class and marginal? Socioeconomic status, stigma, and self-regulation at an elite university.2019Sense of Belonging and Student Engagement: A Daily Study of First- and Continuing-Generation College Students

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