A Further Extension of the Extended Parallel Process Model (E-EPPM): Implications of Cognitive Appraisal Theory of Emotion and Dispositional Coping Style

Jiyeon So

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Behavioral Health and Interventions Risk Perception and Management Media Influence and Health

Abstract

For two decades, the extended parallel process model (EPPM; Witte, 1992 Witte, K. 1992. Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59: 330–349. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) has been one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks in health risk communication. The model has gained much popularity because it recognizes that, ironically, preceding fear appeal models do not incorporate the concept of fear as a legitimate and central part of them. As a remedy to this situation, the EPPM aims at “putting the fear back into fear appeals” (Witte, 1992 Witte, K. 1992. Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model. Communication Monographs, 59: 330–349. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], p. 330). Despite this attempt, however, this article argues that the EPPM still does not fully capture the essence of fear as an emotion. Specifically, drawing upon Lazarus's (1991 Lazarus, R. S. 1991. Emotion and adaptation, New York, NY: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]) cognitive appraisal theory of emotion and the concept of dispositional coping style (Miller, 1995 Miller, S. M. 1995. Monitoring versus blunting styles of coping influence the information patients want and need about cancer: Implications for cancer screening and management. Cancer, 76: 167–177. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), this article seeks to further extend the EPPM. The revised EPPM incorporates a more comprehensive perspective on risk perceptions as a construct involving both cognitive and affective aspects (i.e., fear and anxiety) and integrates the concept of monitoring and blunting coping style as a moderator of further information seeking regarding a given risk topic.

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References

1985Stress, appraisal, and coping 2013Stress: Appraisal and Coping 1970Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1991Emotion And Adaptation 1975A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1 2001Risk as feelings.2004Risk as Analysis and Risk as Feelings: Some Thoughts about Affect, Reason, Risk, and Rationality 1992Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model

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