INTRODUCTION .... ...... ... ,,,''', ,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,, 586 MERE PRESENCE OF OTHERS ....... ... ....... ..... ... .... ....... 588 Social Facilitation,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 588 Social Loafing, 589 Crowding . ,,, ,,.,,.,,', ,,',. 590 Group Composition .,,', ,''', ',,',, 590 SOCIAL ROLES, POSITIONS, AND IDENTITIES .,, 591 Social Roles ..... ........ ...... . .,. 591 Social Positions ,..,, ,,', ,,, ,,., 592 Socialldentities ... ,.,, ,', ,,. ., .., ,.,',... 592 MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS OF OTHERS 593 Role-Taking .... .... '''''', ,'''', ..,'', ,'''',. 593 Reference Groups and Individuals 593 Social Comparison ..... ,', ,., ,.,, ,',., 594 Anticipated Interactions with Others ....... ....... ........ ......... ......... ... ..... 595 SOCIAL INTERACTION AND COGNITIVE CHANGE .. 596 Conflict as a Source of Cog nitive Growth 596 Majority and Minority Influence 597 Group Decision Making ,, ,',. 599 COGNITION AS COLLABORATION ......... ...... ......... ......... 599 Development of Shared Cognitions in Groups 600 Group Memory., , ,', ,' 602
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