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Empathy, Emotional Expressiveness, and Prosocial Behavior

414 citations0/0 files storedChild Development

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child and Animal Learning Development Emotions and Moral Behavior

Abstract

empathy, and prosocial behaviors are important for theoretical and practical reasons. In this study, all 3 areas were assessed across methods and sources. Emotional expressiveness and empathy were evaluated in 73 children in 3 age groups (5-, 9-, and 13-year-alds) by measuring facial and verbal responses to emotionally evocative videotapes and hy ratings from best friends, parents, and teachers. Measures of emotional insight and role taking were also obtained, Proso-cial behaviors were assessed by 3 laboratory tasks and by ratings from best friends, parents, and teachers. Confirming expectations, latent variable path analyses (LohmSller, 1984) indicated that emotional expressiveness, emotional insight, and role taking were strong predictors of latent empathy (multiple R ^ =.60). Boys ' empathy, in turn, was a strong predictor of prosocial behavior, R ^ =,55. In contrast, girls ' empathy was related to prosocial behaviors with friends, R ^ ~.13, but not to cooperation with peers. Thus present findings provide important support and clarifica-tion for certain theoretical expectations, and also raise issues that need clarification. Relations between emotional expres-siveness, empathy, and prosocial behaviors are important for both theoretical and practi-

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References

1981The Evolution of Cooperation 1969Attachment and Loss 1991Emotion And Adaptation 1932A Handbook of Child Psychology 1962Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.1960Plans and the structure of behavior.1969The Psychology of the Child 1987The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors.

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1998Exploring Children's Emotional Security as a Mediator of the Link between Marital Relations and Child Adjustment 2006Prosocial behavior from early to middle childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on stability and change.2008Attachment and empathy as predictors of roles as defenders or outsiders in bullying interactions 1999The perils of outperformance: Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison.2007Attachment with parents and peers in late adolescence: Links with emotional competence and social behavior 2007Dealing with feelings: How children negotiate the worlds of emotions and social relationships.

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